| Equivalent diameter | Average object size derived from major and minor axis lengths. |
| Circularity | Shape regularity (4πA/P²). A value of 1.0 indicates a perfect circle. |
| Eccentricity | How elongated an object is. Values near 0 are circular; values near 1 are highly elongated. |
| Solidity | Ratio of object area to its convex hull area. Lower values indicate more concave or irregular shapes. |
| Nearest neighbor distance | Spacing between objects, measured both centroid-to-centroid and edge-to-edge. |
| Mean uncertainty | Segmentation confidence for each object. Used to filter unreliable detections. |